2 sided exact significance in fisher's exact test

[hikehub]

i compared the frequency of cardioembolism between age-group <45years and 46-50 years using SPSS using cross-tab. As you can see the result in the picture, should i have to select the 2 sided exact significance?

please help me.

[ledzep]

The selection of one-sided or two sided test depends on what your objective is, what question you trying to answer. Most importantly, you should have set/defined those objectives before collecting your data [rather than contemplating what tests to use afterwards].

First of all, it is good that you are using a fisher exact test in this situation as you are in a small sample situation where the chi-squared approximation doesn't perform very well.

To delve a bit more into the details. If your objective is to detect the departure from the null hypothesis in either direction, then a two-sided test is appropriate. The null hypothesis is that the true Odds Ratio (OR)=1. If you want to be able to detect if your OR is <1 or >1, then a one-sided test would be appropriate.

Your two-sided test shows that the true OR is significantly less than 1 at 10% level of significance [but not at 5% level].

Your estimated OR is 0.13 and associated 95% CI is (0.00-1.23). As you can see your OR contains 1, hence, the significance is marginal at 5% level.

## Two-Sided test
        Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data

data:  mydata 
p-value = 0.08081
alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is not equal to 1 
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.002707774 1.229330884 
sample estimates:
odds ratio 
 0.1315444

If your interest was to test that true odds ratio is <1 i.e. if you want to detect the departure from the null in only direction (one-tail only), then your test is significant at 5% level.
The OR is 0.13 and 95% CI is:0.00-0.95, which doesn't contain 1.

> fisher.test(mydata,alternative="less")

        Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data

data:  mydata 
p-value = 0.04404
alternative hypothesis: true odds ratio is less than 1 
95 percent confidence interval:
 0.0000000 0.9519217 
sample estimates:
odds ratio 
 0.1315444

HTH