covariance

Hi, I am very puzzled as to how they achieved μ=2/5 in the example below. I understand that μ is just expected value which would mean summing x or y with its possible realizations. I'm thinking this is very obvious, however, I just can't see how they arrived at 2/5, which just proves I...

The squared Mahalanobis distance/length of an observation vector x from its mean (assuming its the zero vector) is given by x^T * S^-1 * x S is the covariance matrix for any given observation x. x^T is the transpose of x This is my reasoning for how its derived. The covariance matrix S is...

Hi there. This will be my first post on the forums, I'm a Psychology student currently conducting research at an internship. We treat IDD (Intellectual Developmental Disorder) patients with different types of therapy, and I've been assigned to study the dosage components of DBT (Dialectic...

Hi All, I'm currently in a grad course with a nice complement of stats which we have been tasked to learn ourselves. Having some difficulties understanding joint probabilities. Specifically, I have a problem where we have 3 possible outcomes with probabilities p1=0.4, p2=0.1 and p3=0.5. If we...

I carried out a group project on a uni field course looking at whether a species' vigilance was affected by whether or not there were young in the group. We recorded the number of adults and young and then observed how much of the time the adults in each group were vigilant. We also recorded...

how do I turn a matrix which bears the resemblance of a variance covariance matrix into a "positive definite" matrix (=a usable var cov matrix) ? is there any way?

I'm becoming confused by this. Say I have the following model: I know that an AR(1) is covariance stationary if |\phi|<1. I also know that an ARCH(1) is covariance stationary if \alpha_0, \alpha_1>0 and \alpha_1<1 . If those conditions hold does that imply that an AR(1)-ARCH(1) is...

Covariance of two products I am in a stats class and the professor has asked us to calculate the covariance and the standard deviation of the total revenue. I was given the below information: X Unit Price = $10 E[X] = 10,000 Var(X) = 1,000,000 Y Unit Price = $5 E[Y] = 7,000...

I have a data set with two variables (A and B), but variable B was measured for multiple individuals (B1, B2, B3, B4). Is there a way to calculate a single covariance (and, at that, sum of cross products) for my data? Or, does the nature of the data dictate a separate covariance calculation for...

Hello, I am doing my homework for statistic course, and I've got some problems with a test. So I put these data in excel and then calculated covariance...and it's zero! Am I missing something? Can you please help me solving this issue? Thanks a lot, Best regards

Hi, does anyone know how to find the expression for the covariance between two observations belonging to the same block for a balanced complete block planning? (block has random effect and treatment has fixed effect).

For a linear regression, y(i) = a + b x(i) + e(i), what is cov(xbar, bhat), ie, the covariance between the sample mean of x, xbar, and the ols estimate of the slope, bhat? A solution for cov(ybar, bhat) is provided here...

covariances least-squares regression solved delete

Hello, the following question is about a stationary MA(1) process (Moving Average of Order 1) - see attached image. Epsilon represents white noise, i.i.d. E(epsilon) = 0. Can someone please help me understand the last part of the bottom equation? I do understand the term inside the...

Hi, I'm hoping someone can help. I have ran a discriminant analysis along with the prediciton rates for the 5 groups in my study. I am wondering the reason why I get different prediction rates when using within-group versus separate group covariance matrices even though my coefficients are...

Hi all, I have a regression model exhibiting significant multicollinearity and am trying to figure out how to correct for it, or at least to minimize the effect. I found a suggestion for the following: Treat the common variance as a separate variable and decontaminate each covariate by...

I could use some help deriving the covariance between Y_t and Y_t+h given the random walk process Y_t = Y_t-1+e_t And also the correlation between Y_t and Y_t+h Got stuck.. :( Also got another problem where i need to state whether pbl_t is correlated with e_(t-1) in this regression q_t=...

Hi, I'm trying for weeks to run the following model: mi estimate, variance : xtmixed MathG5 MathG4 , || classID:, covariance(unstructured) || studentID: , covariance(unstructured) This is only the first model, I want to add a lot more covariates and interaction effects, but if the first...

Hi all, I have two functions: X=A-B Y=A+2B I need to calculate the covariance of X and Y in terms of the (known) variances of A and B as part of a propagation of uncertainty calculation to work out the error on a derived quantity Z=X/Y. All I can find information on is how to...

Hi, Is it problematic if there is a very high covariance between two factors (independent latent variables) (0.95 standardized). I thought the implication of two independent variables that covary to a high degree was that they are likely to have almost the same effect on a specific...